Domino cloaks for masquerade costume in the 18th century

(intro here; origin in Venice, spread to the London masquerade balls. Ridotto al fresco held at Vauxhall in 1732. Jubilee Masquerade in the Venetian taste at Ranelagh.)

See the page on 18th century masks for additional images of masquerade costumes.

For the bals masqués of honest people, and the Opera balls, there is only the disguise of the Domino, strictly speaking. More or less of the costumes of Harlequins, Pierrots, Pulchinellos, coquettish peasants that were worn in great quantities in times long passed; more or less of the costumes of Old Men, Mendians, Podagres, Blind Men, Turks, the Chinese, or other grotesque disguises with which a thousand offenses have been permitted, or a thousand unpleasant scenes; all these accoutrements are relegated to the balls of City dance masters, and even to the balls of La Courtille or the Grand-Salon. Only Dominos serve for the beautiful and grand balls.

But which is worn? or instead, which color is worn, since they must all have nearly the same shape, and be of the same fabric (taffeta)? That is what we must say. Those that are worn the most this year are of canary’s-tail color. In previous years, black, puce, or other somber colors were worn; this year, bright colors are worn, or soft colors, pink, lilac, unbleached linen, violet, canary’s tail, poppy, white, etc. In previous years, they were worn trimmed with gauzes, ribbons, and garlands of artificial flowers. It is only masks which are put on the face which don’t change.

— from Cassidy Percoco’s translation of Magasin des Modes, 10e Cahier, Plate II, February 10, 1787

Extant dominos

Met 1971.47.4, a white silk domino cloak, British, 18th century

V&A T.195-1968, a pink silk lustring domino with a cape and hood, made in England c. 1765-1770

London Museum 70.59/1, a black silk domino robe, c. 1770-1790

Two-piece shot silk taffeta domino with coat and cape, c. 1800

Depictions of men and women wearing dominos

A man in a white domino seen from behind by Luca Carlevarijs, c. 1700-1710

Eva Bielke in the Sack family portrait by Martin van Meytens the Younger, c. 1730-1731

The Marquise de la Ferté-Imbault by Jean-Marc Nattier, 1740

Elizabeth of Russia in masquerade dress by Georg Cristoph Grooth, 1748

Louise Geneviève Le Blond, Madame Royer by Jean-Marc Nattier, c. 1750

A Fortune Teller by Pietro Longhi, c. 1756

The Charlatan by Pietro Longhi, 1757

Young Lady who is decked out in a large, hooded, taffeta Domino, Galerie des Modes, 1779

Il Nobile Veneziano, c. 1783

Dame habillée en grand Domino tres élégant pour aller au Bal masqué, 1783 (see also Lady dressed in a very elegant grand Domino to go to a masked Ball, Galerie des Modes, 1784)

The Woman represented in this Plate wears a Domino of canary’s-tail colored taffeta, trimmed on the hood and the fronts with a garland of artificial roses, and at the bottom with a flounce of white gauze, and two garlands of artificial roses. Her Domino is fastened with two large knots of pink ribbons., Magasin des Modes, 1787

Descriptions of dominos

“All the women were desirous of having the bundle immediately opened; which operation was at length performed by little Betsy, with the consent of Mr Jones: and the contents were found to be a domino, a mask, and a masquerade ticket.” (The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling by Henry Fielding, 1749)

“I hear, I am to see you in town on Monday. Lady Grace informed me, she believes, you would have lent me a clean Domino for the Masquerade at Richmond House. I wish I had known it sooner, for I am to pay 2 Guineas for the Hire of a Domino, which I have already bespoke; I should have been pleased to have spared that sum, for it is better than giving 4 Guineas & ½ to have it entirely to myself: I shall be extreamly beautiful, a straw colour trimed with Purple; what say you to that.” (Letter written by James Brudenell to his brother Thomas, 1763)

“Miss Strange had a white satin Domino trimmed with blue” (The early diary of Frances Burney, January 10, 1770)

“JOSEPH DAY, Gent. was indicted for stealing … one domino silk waistcoat and a pair of breeches, value 3 l.” (Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 6th July 1774)

“The prosecutor deposed, that, as he was going into the opera-house, on a masquerade-night, he felt a man drawing his domino aside, and he missed his watch; that he immediately seised the prisoner, who was close to him” (Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 15th May 1782)